I feel badly about my last post--just wanted to clarify that I was thrilled that my wonderful niece wrote us a lovely thank you note. My point about the spelling was that when students present themselves as adults--say, writing a note to a child's teacher or a paragraph about past job experiences for a perspective employer--misspelling common words such as "been" will reflect on them in negative ways. Poor spellers (like me) need to learn when and how to use some form of a dictionary. Instead of circling "bin" in red, teachers should make the student learn how to spell "been." (I speak as a student who had to write "first" two hundred times in 10th grade because I consistently spelled it "frist.")
Our reading noted that direct teaching of grammar had a negative correlation with writing improvement. I'm not surprised. I spent part of each 9th Grade Special English class last year on grammar (parts of speech, homonyms, verb tense, possessives) and "got ya" do nows--I saw minimal carryover into students' spontaneous writing. Sentence combining seems promising, but there must be something more. How can grammar be remediated in the secondary classroom? How can a teacher discuss parallel structure when her students can't identify a verb in a sentence? Does anyone have experience with techniques that work? Any links to helpful websites? Should we go back to diagraming sentences (I'd have to learn how, of course!)?
Barb
Sunday, February 22, 2009
Friday, February 20, 2009
Writing Next--the power of the test
In response to our class conversation about blogs, I'm going to pick out one or two ideas from the readings that struck a chord or raised a flag as I read. This week's readings was sort of a time line of teaching philosophies; as Scherff and Piazza entitled their article "The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same." The tension between process and product as always been there. Current concerns and contemporary norms shift the emphasis as it cycles around. As Coker and Lewis noted in their discussion of the tension between educational psychology and composition studies approach to teaching writing, there is crossover. (They mentioned that the usefulness of strategy instruction, set goals, collaborative writing and inquiry activities have been adopted by each camp.) Each time we go around a cycle between process and product, educators gain vaulable insights and strategies we retain.
As someone who has been around education as student, parent, and teacher since 1953, I can attest that "the test" is a huge motivating factor in what is taught and how it is taught. Someone showed me an old English Regents from 1899--I could never have passed it--assessing spelling, grammar, classic literature, formal composition. I'm sure everyone who passed it had the perfect, even handwriting borne of creating endless rows of uniform O's and lines. When I passed the Regents in the 1960s, I had to answer multiple choice questions about literature, spell a few words, and write a "literary essay." I had been practicing this essay for four years, and could have chosen, compared, and written 5 paragraphs comparing two works of literature in my sleep. I can probably still do it, just as I can recite "Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow" and the Preamble to the Constitution. What one can predict will be tested is, and I suspect always has been, over-learned in schools.
The NYS English Regents is now a 2 day, six hour ordeal encompassing four tasks. JD devotes the entire 11th grade year to preparing for this test. Students begin writing critical lens (task 4) essays in 9th grade. Of Mice and Men and A Raisin in the Sun are read 4th quarter junior year because they can be productively viewed through almost any conceivable "critical lens." Any junior who can't recite the "format" for the introduction of a critical lens essay by June has clearly been asleep at the switch for three years. Poetry and common poetic devises are studied so that students will be prepared for Task 3 (which involves formulating and writing about a controlling idea given two texts, one of which is usually a poem). Note taking skills are emphasized for 10 weeks in preparation for task one. Eleventh grade English is "The Year of the REGENTS" just as it was in 1964.
I believe the English Regents drives changes in what is read in classes as well. In 1964, we had to answer questions about "traditional" classic works a well-educated person "should" know. We read Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Othello, Julius Ceasar, The Turn of the Screw, Daisy Miller, The Mayor of Casterbrigde, Joseph Andrews, Hard Times, The Scarlet Letter...you get the picture. I have no memory of any teacher being concerned about whether or not students were interested in reading these things or how they related to our lives. We read them because were told they were important and teachers helped us draw lessons from their texts. In my 9th grade co-teach class this year, we chose the novel The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian over The Pearl. Our primary consideration was the relevance of the material to the student's lives. English teachers are picking contemporary novels as texts; genre units are taught using book circles or individual choice selections. There are clear advantages in broadening the texts studied--choice, motivation, relevance, variety, novelty. However, I think that the present form of the Regents encourages this. Except for the "critical lens" task (hence, Of Mice and Men!)--the regents is about process. Texts are presented to the student, and the student must apply the processes learned to construct each type of essay. Since a specific body of literature is not pre-supposed by the test, teachers are free to pick and choose from an endless variety of classic and contemporary texts and genres.
The Regents is also about product...does your essay fit into a category 2, 3, 4, or 5. The holistic grading approach brings its own limitations) as noted by Graham and Perin as they discussed the protocol of their meta-analysis.) Grammar and sentence structure counts less on the rubric. I remember reading a level 5 sample essay and thinking, "You've got to be kidding me. This would have been mediocre at best when I took the Regents." On Task 3, if you don't mention a literary device you lose mega points. Students are taught to insert "characterization" or "setting" or "symbolism" even if it is not clearly connected or explained. Anyone who doesn't think we are teaching writing to the test, needs to sit in on an 11th grade English class. The upside--students do learn how to write an essay.
Which brings me the the question of authenticity. If we are teaching to the test, how reflective is the test of the skills students will need in the future? The readings, especially Coker and Lewis, elucidated the writing skills students will need to bring into higher education and the workplace: adaptability and flexibility to adopt to specific formats, language, and expectations; ability to write collaboratively; practical communication skills; ability to tailor writing to a specific audience and purpose; ability to modify writing skills as technology changes. Papers and projects written in the "real world" are not thrown out after getting graded--which struck me as a scary concept. As a teacher, I'm used to the artificial world as well. All high stakes assessments are, by nature, contrived. Students in school are usually writing a "decontextualized" composition for a "fictionalized audience." I'm not sure that the tasks required in the NYS Regents do the best job in emphasizing the writing skills that students will need to succeed in college or in life. Is a literary essay the best way to measure writing skills? Does the Regents encourage best practices in teaching writing skills? I'd love to hear what you think.
I'm old...I admit it. Yet my niece in law (a single mother who graduated from high school in Ohio in 2007) sent a thank you note for a baby gift. "How are you. We have bin fine. I'm going to have to start baby proffing everything...Thank you for the extreamly generous gift. It will be a great start for his saveings acount." Teaching students to write a "critical lense" essay is nice. To my mind, a more important question is when our graduates present themselves for a job or higher education, will their writing skills impede their paths? In the end, spelling does count.
As someone who has been around education as student, parent, and teacher since 1953, I can attest that "the test" is a huge motivating factor in what is taught and how it is taught. Someone showed me an old English Regents from 1899--I could never have passed it--assessing spelling, grammar, classic literature, formal composition. I'm sure everyone who passed it had the perfect, even handwriting borne of creating endless rows of uniform O's and lines. When I passed the Regents in the 1960s, I had to answer multiple choice questions about literature, spell a few words, and write a "literary essay." I had been practicing this essay for four years, and could have chosen, compared, and written 5 paragraphs comparing two works of literature in my sleep. I can probably still do it, just as I can recite "Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow" and the Preamble to the Constitution. What one can predict will be tested is, and I suspect always has been, over-learned in schools.
The NYS English Regents is now a 2 day, six hour ordeal encompassing four tasks. JD devotes the entire 11th grade year to preparing for this test. Students begin writing critical lens (task 4) essays in 9th grade. Of Mice and Men and A Raisin in the Sun are read 4th quarter junior year because they can be productively viewed through almost any conceivable "critical lens." Any junior who can't recite the "format" for the introduction of a critical lens essay by June has clearly been asleep at the switch for three years. Poetry and common poetic devises are studied so that students will be prepared for Task 3 (which involves formulating and writing about a controlling idea given two texts, one of which is usually a poem). Note taking skills are emphasized for 10 weeks in preparation for task one. Eleventh grade English is "The Year of the REGENTS" just as it was in 1964.
I believe the English Regents drives changes in what is read in classes as well. In 1964, we had to answer questions about "traditional" classic works a well-educated person "should" know. We read Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Othello, Julius Ceasar, The Turn of the Screw, Daisy Miller, The Mayor of Casterbrigde, Joseph Andrews, Hard Times, The Scarlet Letter...you get the picture. I have no memory of any teacher being concerned about whether or not students were interested in reading these things or how they related to our lives. We read them because were told they were important and teachers helped us draw lessons from their texts. In my 9th grade co-teach class this year, we chose the novel The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian over The Pearl. Our primary consideration was the relevance of the material to the student's lives. English teachers are picking contemporary novels as texts; genre units are taught using book circles or individual choice selections. There are clear advantages in broadening the texts studied--choice, motivation, relevance, variety, novelty. However, I think that the present form of the Regents encourages this. Except for the "critical lens" task (hence, Of Mice and Men!)--the regents is about process. Texts are presented to the student, and the student must apply the processes learned to construct each type of essay. Since a specific body of literature is not pre-supposed by the test, teachers are free to pick and choose from an endless variety of classic and contemporary texts and genres.
The Regents is also about product...does your essay fit into a category 2, 3, 4, or 5. The holistic grading approach brings its own limitations) as noted by Graham and Perin as they discussed the protocol of their meta-analysis.) Grammar and sentence structure counts less on the rubric. I remember reading a level 5 sample essay and thinking, "You've got to be kidding me. This would have been mediocre at best when I took the Regents." On Task 3, if you don't mention a literary device you lose mega points. Students are taught to insert "characterization" or "setting" or "symbolism" even if it is not clearly connected or explained. Anyone who doesn't think we are teaching writing to the test, needs to sit in on an 11th grade English class. The upside--students do learn how to write an essay.
Which brings me the the question of authenticity. If we are teaching to the test, how reflective is the test of the skills students will need in the future? The readings, especially Coker and Lewis, elucidated the writing skills students will need to bring into higher education and the workplace: adaptability and flexibility to adopt to specific formats, language, and expectations; ability to write collaboratively; practical communication skills; ability to tailor writing to a specific audience and purpose; ability to modify writing skills as technology changes. Papers and projects written in the "real world" are not thrown out after getting graded--which struck me as a scary concept. As a teacher, I'm used to the artificial world as well. All high stakes assessments are, by nature, contrived. Students in school are usually writing a "decontextualized" composition for a "fictionalized audience." I'm not sure that the tasks required in the NYS Regents do the best job in emphasizing the writing skills that students will need to succeed in college or in life. Is a literary essay the best way to measure writing skills? Does the Regents encourage best practices in teaching writing skills? I'd love to hear what you think.
I'm old...I admit it. Yet my niece in law (a single mother who graduated from high school in Ohio in 2007) sent a thank you note for a baby gift. "How are you. We have bin fine. I'm going to have to start baby proffing everything...Thank you for the extreamly generous gift. It will be a great start for his saveings acount." Teaching students to write a "critical lense" essay is nice. To my mind, a more important question is when our graduates present themselves for a job or higher education, will their writing skills impede their paths? In the end, spelling does count.
Sunday, February 8, 2009
Composing Process A
I never thought much about the composing process..especially as it relates to art and music as well as writing. I remember reading a book by C.P. Snow while I was in high school. I can't remember the title after all these years, but it changed by thinking about creativity permanently. The protagonist in this novel was a scientist, who was every bit as involved in the creative process as any writer. This week's readings made me think about composing in a similar way...that art, music, and words are all mediums in which composing takes place. They can complement and reinforce each other in significant ways.
The Ross, et. al., article on Mask-making challenged some of my long held prejudices about including visual art as part of a student's response to literature. In my day (we're talking 1950s-1970) English teachers dealt with words. Students responded to literature by writing essays. Students expressed themselves in English class by writing poems, sonnets, persuasive essays, stories, memoirs. When teachers began assigning collages in the early 90s our resource room began filling with magazines, paste, scissors, and construction paper, I must admit I didn't see the value. How could composing a poster be equivalent to analyzing a poem? Many resource students are much stronger with visuals than language, so I was glad to see they could express their ideas this easier way. However, personally, I saw art as a cop-out; OK for elementary students but enabling secondary students to avoid composing in words. Ross's article focused on three senior boys who created masks of themselves as part of a unit on identity. The analysis of their composing processes revealed not only the value of creating a visual representation of self-identity, but the way in which narrative and language were involved both in creating the mask and in presenting it to others. Peta drew on his affinity for poetry, seeing similarities in the process of composing in each medium. A critical point here, though, it that the project introduced with pre-composing activities to focus students on ways of representing their identity (visual, written both) and was followed by a consideration of the role of identity as the class investigated British literature. Cindy gave her students time and space to create these masks...and an opportunity to express the insights they had come to in writing as well as in art. It wasn't just throwing together a collage... Yet, the process of artistic composition described was valid and certainly valuable on its own; for these students it complemented and enriched composing with words. And if I'm honest with myself, is a thrown together collage really any less valuable than a thrown together character sketch? Getting students to engage honestly and intensely with the medium and assignment is key.
The Composing Process: A Model supported some methods that we talked about in class last week. In "real life" writing situations, the audience is critically important in how the author words, frames, and structures his argument. In school, the audience is primarily the teacher. On the NYS Regents, the audience is the rubric and several teachers. The article made clear that in research, professional and business writing, the composing process is shaped by the knowledge of the context and the audience for which the writing is intended. Authentic writing experiences benefit students in that they bring the importance of knowing your audience and purpose to the forefront of their planning. If all writing is writing to persuade on some level, student need opportunities to go beyond the formulaic 5 paragraph essay to incorporate critical thinking into their writing.
I'm not quite sure how to save this draft, so I'll publish it now. More to come...
Barb
The Ross, et. al., article on Mask-making challenged some of my long held prejudices about including visual art as part of a student's response to literature. In my day (we're talking 1950s-1970) English teachers dealt with words. Students responded to literature by writing essays. Students expressed themselves in English class by writing poems, sonnets, persuasive essays, stories, memoirs. When teachers began assigning collages in the early 90s our resource room began filling with magazines, paste, scissors, and construction paper, I must admit I didn't see the value. How could composing a poster be equivalent to analyzing a poem? Many resource students are much stronger with visuals than language, so I was glad to see they could express their ideas this easier way. However, personally, I saw art as a cop-out; OK for elementary students but enabling secondary students to avoid composing in words. Ross's article focused on three senior boys who created masks of themselves as part of a unit on identity. The analysis of their composing processes revealed not only the value of creating a visual representation of self-identity, but the way in which narrative and language were involved both in creating the mask and in presenting it to others. Peta drew on his affinity for poetry, seeing similarities in the process of composing in each medium. A critical point here, though, it that the project introduced with pre-composing activities to focus students on ways of representing their identity (visual, written both) and was followed by a consideration of the role of identity as the class investigated British literature. Cindy gave her students time and space to create these masks...and an opportunity to express the insights they had come to in writing as well as in art. It wasn't just throwing together a collage... Yet, the process of artistic composition described was valid and certainly valuable on its own; for these students it complemented and enriched composing with words. And if I'm honest with myself, is a thrown together collage really any less valuable than a thrown together character sketch? Getting students to engage honestly and intensely with the medium and assignment is key.
The Composing Process: A Model supported some methods that we talked about in class last week. In "real life" writing situations, the audience is critically important in how the author words, frames, and structures his argument. In school, the audience is primarily the teacher. On the NYS Regents, the audience is the rubric and several teachers. The article made clear that in research, professional and business writing, the composing process is shaped by the knowledge of the context and the audience for which the writing is intended. Authentic writing experiences benefit students in that they bring the importance of knowing your audience and purpose to the forefront of their planning. If all writing is writing to persuade on some level, student need opportunities to go beyond the formulaic 5 paragraph essay to incorporate critical thinking into their writing.
I'm not quite sure how to save this draft, so I'll publish it now. More to come...
Barb
Wednesday, February 4, 2009
The Nitty Gritty
This week's readings were thought provoking and informative. Peter Elbow's article "Embracing Contraries in the Teaching Process" and Lad Tobin's "Reading Students, Reading Ourselves" explained some of the tensions inherent in the process of teaching writing to our students. Elbow's analyzed the paradoxical roles of the teacher--ally and gatekeeper--and the tensions between them; his insists that a good teacher can and must be totally committed to each role. He posits that this is possible as long as the teacher sets high expectations at the beginning and evaluates by these standards (gatekeeper), but acts as a coach to do everything he/she can to help students refine their skills to reach those goals (ally). In working with Special Education resource students, it is easy for me to tip toward the advocate role, yet I know that it is equally important to hold students accountable and to insist on their best effort. Reading Elbow's article made me consider ways in which I can separate the two imperatives in my resource room. Lad Tobin's article raised an issue I hadn't considered--a writing teacher's role can not be truly objective, since the very process of conferencing with a student involves deconstructing and reconstructing the student's text in order to help them clarify what we think they intended to say. The transference and counter-transference at first seemed overly deep, but when he went through case studies of the ways in which his unconscious attitudes affected both his interpretation of student behaviors and his response to their writing, I could see how becoming aware of our own preconceptions and emotional triggers can only increase our effectiveness. Conferencing with a student does involve a personal dynamic.
Another thought provoking aspect of these readings was the focus on the interrelationship between reading and writing. Rather than viewing these as separate skills, Nancie Atwell's article "Writing and Reading from the Inside Out" stressed creating a literate community, like a dining room table at home, where students assume responsibility for their reading and writing choices, respond to reading through discussion and writing, and are "nudged" gently in fruitful directions by their teacher. Alwell elaborated on the benefits of "reading like a writer," and having students incorporate elements of their reading into their own writing. The reading-writing workshop seemed to help both prolific and reluctant readers discover their own voices adn identities as readers/writers. Atwell did note that she has added more mini-lessons and direct teaching of craft into her program over the years.
But the real "kernals" for me were the articles in the Newkirk and Kent text that addressed specific techniques for teaching different genres in the classroom. The Gretchen Bernabei article about writing an essay without making it the boring 5 paragraph "dreaded school essay" still provided a 3-step format for students to use as they learn the genre. ("Decide what to say, design a structure, flesh it out.") I was struck by her assertion that the traditional 5 paragraph essay is about the teacher's thoughts, not the student's thoughts. "Given the permission, students really do prefer to do their own thinking," (p 82) she wrote. I loved the idea of writing a "kernel essay" to see if an essay will work before expanding it into a rough draft. In her article "The Writing Conference: Journeys into not knowing," Terry Moher definitely comes down on the side of the writing teacher as non-judgemental encourager. She is sensitive to the greatest fear of student writers--that their written words will not do justice to their thoughts. Like Tobin, she sees a teacher as a creative participant in the writing conference, on a journey where the end product is being refined and the end is not yet known. She recommended using less formal types of writing (letters, journals) for struggling students, and talked about the value of quick writes in the composing process.
"Learning from Goldilocks" by Monica Wood and "Poetry Arrives" by Maureen Barbieri focused teaching students to write short stories and poetry respectively. Wood teaches her students the 6 elements of a classical story, using a fairy tale as a model. She then has her students write a short story, which is then revised to be sure it incorporates the elements of a classic short story. As Elbow advocates, Wood sets the standard high, but provides her students the tools and encouragement to reach it. It was exciting to read Maureen Barbieri's article. Several of our English teachers have been using some of her suggestions, such as incorporating song lyrics and rap into poetry units. The 9th grade English teachers used the "Where I'm from" poem with our students and it was extremely successful--with reluctant/challenged students as well as the high achievers. When students compose something that they care about and can relate to, it does make a difference!
Barb
Another thought provoking aspect of these readings was the focus on the interrelationship between reading and writing. Rather than viewing these as separate skills, Nancie Atwell's article "Writing and Reading from the Inside Out" stressed creating a literate community, like a dining room table at home, where students assume responsibility for their reading and writing choices, respond to reading through discussion and writing, and are "nudged" gently in fruitful directions by their teacher. Alwell elaborated on the benefits of "reading like a writer," and having students incorporate elements of their reading into their own writing. The reading-writing workshop seemed to help both prolific and reluctant readers discover their own voices adn identities as readers/writers. Atwell did note that she has added more mini-lessons and direct teaching of craft into her program over the years.
But the real "kernals" for me were the articles in the Newkirk and Kent text that addressed specific techniques for teaching different genres in the classroom. The Gretchen Bernabei article about writing an essay without making it the boring 5 paragraph "dreaded school essay" still provided a 3-step format for students to use as they learn the genre. ("Decide what to say, design a structure, flesh it out.") I was struck by her assertion that the traditional 5 paragraph essay is about the teacher's thoughts, not the student's thoughts. "Given the permission, students really do prefer to do their own thinking," (p 82) she wrote. I loved the idea of writing a "kernel essay" to see if an essay will work before expanding it into a rough draft. In her article "The Writing Conference: Journeys into not knowing," Terry Moher definitely comes down on the side of the writing teacher as non-judgemental encourager. She is sensitive to the greatest fear of student writers--that their written words will not do justice to their thoughts. Like Tobin, she sees a teacher as a creative participant in the writing conference, on a journey where the end product is being refined and the end is not yet known. She recommended using less formal types of writing (letters, journals) for struggling students, and talked about the value of quick writes in the composing process.
"Learning from Goldilocks" by Monica Wood and "Poetry Arrives" by Maureen Barbieri focused teaching students to write short stories and poetry respectively. Wood teaches her students the 6 elements of a classical story, using a fairy tale as a model. She then has her students write a short story, which is then revised to be sure it incorporates the elements of a classic short story. As Elbow advocates, Wood sets the standard high, but provides her students the tools and encouragement to reach it. It was exciting to read Maureen Barbieri's article. Several of our English teachers have been using some of her suggestions, such as incorporating song lyrics and rap into poetry units. The 9th grade English teachers used the "Where I'm from" poem with our students and it was extremely successful--with reluctant/challenged students as well as the high achievers. When students compose something that they care about and can relate to, it does make a difference!
Barb
Sunday, February 1, 2009
Part B -- Teen Writing Today
Our class discussion was enlightening. Changing ways of communication are happening so quickly, that even my youthful class members have noticed changes since they were in school. Class members agreed with some of the concerns I and my contemporaries have about the superficiality encouraged by instantaneous access to information, and instantaneous communications with peers. While electronic communication can be wholly connecting, it has created places where students can start rumors, "trash" or bully each other, causing hurt and leading to conflicts. Conflicts fester on line or via text messaging--school staff and parents may not be aware until a crisis erupts. I would think it would be easier to hurt people on line--communication takes place without facial gestures or vocal inflection to clarify meaning.
I find I don't look forward to the writing workshop portion of our class. Sharing is not fun--I'm insecure about my writing as it is not "deep" or "creative." My reaction has surprised me, and has gotten me thinking about the the pros and cons of sharing written work with the class. JD has two "special" 9th grade English classes--both small, co-taught by English and Special Education teachers. The Transition class is a group of at-risk students who stay together for core classes, taught by a "team." Transitions student do more authentic writing, more narrative and personal reflective writing. They are expected to share their writing with each other--in fact the first quarter is really all about community building around language. On the other hand, the class I co-teach is comprised of mostly Special Education and advanced ESL students and focuses more on building skills around writing about literature in preparation for success in 10th, 11th, and 12th grade. We have done journals and personal reflections, but we do not have our students share their work with partners or with the entire class. We're afraid that apprehension around sharing their work with others will add a layer of stress that might make writing more distasteful. Lately, I've been thinking that we are missing an opportunity in not offering/encouraging sharing student's writing. Now I don't know--having to share what you've composed can lower your confidence as well as raise it! I'm going to be thinking about this as the course progresses.
I have mentioned Jessica Singer's article Preparing Students for Life After High School to a couple Senior English teachers at JD. The experience of conducting an interview, connecting with someone in a career of interest, and writing a meaningful reflection would be a valuable literary and personal opportunity for seniors. According to PEW student, they should buy into it because they would be choosing the person and area of interest and plans after high school should be useful relevant to their immediate futures.
Barb
I find I don't look forward to the writing workshop portion of our class. Sharing is not fun--I'm insecure about my writing as it is not "deep" or "creative." My reaction has surprised me, and has gotten me thinking about the the pros and cons of sharing written work with the class. JD has two "special" 9th grade English classes--both small, co-taught by English and Special Education teachers. The Transition class is a group of at-risk students who stay together for core classes, taught by a "team." Transitions student do more authentic writing, more narrative and personal reflective writing. They are expected to share their writing with each other--in fact the first quarter is really all about community building around language. On the other hand, the class I co-teach is comprised of mostly Special Education and advanced ESL students and focuses more on building skills around writing about literature in preparation for success in 10th, 11th, and 12th grade. We have done journals and personal reflections, but we do not have our students share their work with partners or with the entire class. We're afraid that apprehension around sharing their work with others will add a layer of stress that might make writing more distasteful. Lately, I've been thinking that we are missing an opportunity in not offering/encouraging sharing student's writing. Now I don't know--having to share what you've composed can lower your confidence as well as raise it! I'm going to be thinking about this as the course progresses.
I have mentioned Jessica Singer's article Preparing Students for Life After High School to a couple Senior English teachers at JD. The experience of conducting an interview, connecting with someone in a career of interest, and writing a meaningful reflection would be a valuable literary and personal opportunity for seniors. According to PEW student, they should buy into it because they would be choosing the person and area of interest and plans after high school should be useful relevant to their immediate futures.
Barb
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